高二英语必修5：过去分词语法总结与练习
一、过去分词作定语
1．单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。
English is a widely used language.
This is one of the schools built in 1980s.
2.过去分词作定语时,可转换为一个定语从句。
注意两点:首先,在被替换的定语从句中,主语必须是作从句主语的关系代词;其次,定语从句中的谓语动词通常使用表示已经完成的时态或被动语态.
He didn’t turn up at the meeting held yesterday.
I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers.
3．辨析：过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系；不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B.C. did not include
women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
4. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？
练习：
1. Did you attend the meeting ______yesterday?
A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held
Do you know the name of the play___ in the hall now?
A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on
3. I borrowed a book ______ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much..
A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write
4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of _______.
A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting those
答案：CBAA
二、过去分词作表语
1．用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和主语的状态，此时相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。
① The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
② The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.
2．一些表示“情绪变化”的动词，它们的动词-ing形式和过去分词形式相当于形容词,可在句中做定语和表语，如:interest, surprise, excite, frighten, disappoint, bore, tire, puzzle等.
① She was very disappointed to hear the disappointing result..
② The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film
3．除了系动词be以外，get， seem，look, appear, sound, feel, remain等其它系动词也可接过去分词作表语。
The girl seemed frightened at the sight of the snake.
The problem remained unsolved.
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
练习：
1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted
2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing
C. grew lost D. got lost
3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
答案：CDC
三、过去分词作宾补
1.用在表“希望，要求”的动词后做宾补：want, wish, expect, like, order+ object + (to be) done
I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
2.用在表“感官动词”的动词后做宾补：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think等+ object + p.p.
We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
3.用在使役动词后做宾补make, get, have，let+ object + p.p.
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.
= I want to let the barber cut my hair.
注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：
表让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做
I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失
I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
4.with+ n. + p.p.复合结构中，这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
They left without a dish touched.
The murderer was brought in , with his hands _____ behind his back .
A .being tied B .having tied
C .to be tied D .tied
过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补： 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的全过程。to常省略。
练习：
1. Being poor at English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself ______.
A. understand B. to understand
C. understanding D. understood
2. I have had my bike ______, and I’m going to have somebody ______ my radio tomorrow.
A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired
C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing
3. ______ the room, the expert found his U-disc ______ .
A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; stolen
C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen
4. I found the dog __________ to a big tree.
A. linking B. linked C. to link D. be linking
答案：DCBB
四、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
1．表示时间，过去分词之前可用连词when，while
Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.
2．表示条件
Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
3．表示原因
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.
4．表示伴随情况
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.
5．表示让步
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
=Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
练习：
1.___ in thought, he almost ran the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
2.________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
3.____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light.
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
答案：C C D
非谓语动词的解题思路
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1） 不定式 (to do) 表示目的，将来
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2） 动名词/现在分词 –ing 表示主动，同时进行
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3）过去分词 –ed 表示被动，完成的状态
三者的否定形式： not + to do， not + -ing， not + -ed
在做题过程中，如果能按照“先结构，再语态，后时态”这三步思考，再难的题目也能迎刃而解。
一、先结构。
非谓语动词充当动词的宾语或宾语补足语的时候，它的形式要由前面的动词决定。因此，我们要先考虑它与前面动词固定搭配的结构形式。有些动词的宾语只接动词不定式(to do)，如agree, ask, decide, expect, pretend, want, wish, learn, seem等；而有些动词或动词短语则要求只能用动名词(-ing)作宾语，如appreciate, avoid, delay, allow, suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, forbid, risk, mind, stand, consider, insist on,
escape, look forward to等；还有一些使役动词的固定搭配，如have sth. done等，动词搭配的结构已经固定了非谓语的形式。例如：
He was pretending ________ while his mother came in his study.
A. reading B. to be reading C. read D. be reading
只要掌握动词pretend后只能接不定式作它的宾语，即pretend to do sth（假装做某事）这个结构的话，一眼就可选出B这个正确答案。
二、再语态。
不必考虑或考虑完毕非谓语动词的固定结构后，再分析非谓语动词与它的逻辑主语的关系，如果是被动关系，则要选用相应的被动形式，如to be done, being done, done等。例如：
______ from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
非谓语动词see与其逻辑主语the mountain的关系是被动关系，所以答案选A。
三、后时态。
前面两种情况都考虑完后，我们要根据语境分辨非谓语动词这个动作或状态与对应的谓语动词两个动作发生的顺序选择正确的时态。如果非谓语动词这个动作或状态在对应的
谓语动词之前所发生的，则要用完成式having done, to have done（主动）或having been done, to have been done（被动）；同时发生的，用进行式doing（主动）或being done（被动）；之后发生的，可用不定式to do（主动）或to be done（被动）。如：
He seemed _______ by his father since he looked upset then.
A. to be scolded B. to have been scolded C. being scolded D. scolded
首先，我们要考虑seem接宾语的非谓语动词形式是不定式，即seem to do sth.，其次我们要考虑scold跟逻辑主语He的关系是被动，即seem to be scolded，最后我们要考虑时态，seemed已经是过去时，而且从句since he looked upset then也是过去时，因此scold这动作肯定是在seem和look之前发生。这样推下来，只有B项( seemed to have been scolded)符合题目意思和逻辑。
过去分词用法专项练习
1. We are invited to a party________in our club next Friday.
A．to be held B．held
C．being held D．holding
【解析】 句意为：我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。hold与party为动宾关系，所以hold应用被动形式；to be held作后置定语，表将来，修饰a party。
【答案】 A
2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit________on his own farm.
A．grown B．being grown
C．to be grown D．to grow
【解析】 句意为：早饭他只喝自己农场种的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit与grow为被动关系，故排除D选项；being grown正被种植；to be grown将要被种植，均不合题意，所以选A。
【答案】 A
3． _______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
【解析】 句子意思是“Tony既惊讶又高兴地站起来接受奖赏”。 surprised表示一种方式状态，不强调两个动作的同时进行
【答案】 B
4．_______the project in time，the staff were working at weekends.
A．Completing B．Having completed
C．To have completed D．To complete
【解析】 句意为：为了使项目及时完工，全体员工周末都在加班。不定式一般式作目的状语。
【答案】 D
5． ________by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging
C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged
【解析】 句意为：受科技进步的激励，很多农民在他们的田地上建起了风力发电农场。C：过去分词作原因状语，表被动。A：现在分词的被动式，表示正在进行；B：现在分词，表示主动；D：现在分词的完成式，表主动，表示此动作发生在主句动作之前。
【答案】 C
6．No matter how frequently _______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed performed
B. performing c. to be performed D. being
【解析】 动词perform跟它的逻辑主语the works of Beethoven的关系是被动关系，frequently（经常）明确它的状态是一般式
【答案】 A
7．______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
【解析】 Alice 与blame的逻辑关系是被动关系，所以用blamed
【答案】 B
8．You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ________ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
【解析】 have sth done结构。It 与explain 是被动关系。
【答案】 D
9．The manager, ______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
【解析】 make跟逻辑主语the manager是主动关系，而且跟句中谓语left有明显
的先后关系
【答案】 B
10．Please remain________；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A．seating B．seated
C．to seat D．to be seated
【解析】 句意为：请坐好，马上宣布获奖者。remain为系动词，而seated已经形容词化了，经常用be seated或remain seated表示就座。
【答案】 B
11．_____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
【解析】 wait 与Tom的关系为逻辑主动关系，wait 在谓语realize之前发生。
【答案】 C
12．I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good________.
A．to be breathed B．to breathe
C．breathing D．being breathed
【解析】 句意为：在夏季我喜欢早点起床。能呼吸到早上的新鲜空气真好。to breathe在句中作状语，和主语the morning air之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。在形容词easy，difficult，comfortable，heavy，expensive等词后常用不定式作状语，主动表被动。如：The problem is difficult to answer.
【答案】 B
13．Any application form________properly will not be accepted by the company.
A．not to be filled B．not filled
C．not being filled D．not having been filled
【解析】 句意为：任何填写不合适的申请表将不被公司接受。not filled是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which/that was not filled。
【答案】 B
14．______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
【解析】 not应在分词前，complete在谓语动作之前发生。
【答案】 C
15．_____ many times, he finally understand it.
A. Told B.Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
【解析】 tell与主语是逻辑被动关系，再由finally可知tell发生在understand之前。
【答案】 D
16．With the government’s aid, those ____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
【解析】 由by the earthquake可以看出affect是被动
【答案】 C
17．Believe it or not，________a good knowledge of some foreign languages will be of great help in the job interview.
A．to have had B．having had
C．have D．having
【解析】 空格所在的句子缺少主语，B、C两项可以排除。这里表示的是时间概念不明确的动作，故选D。
【答案】 D
18．Seeing the __________snake, the __________ girl held her boyfriend’tightly.
A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightening
C. frightening; frightened D. frightened; frightened
【解析】 动词的ing形式与ed形式的形容词的区别。
【答案】 C
19．________，the workers decided to stopped working.
A．The storm drawing near
B．The storm is drawing near
s arm
C．The storm was drawing near
D．Since the storm is drawing near
【解析】 逗号后面是一个完整的句子，这说明逗号前面要么是从句，要么是短语。B、C可先排除；D项是从句，但时态不对，故选A。
【答案】 A
20．Last year, the city had a statue (雕像) ________ in memory of the scientist.
A. building B. built C. being built D. to build
【解析】 过去分词做后置定语，名词与之是被动关系。
【答案】 B
21．With everything ________into consideration，they ought to have another chance.
A．to take B．taken
C．to be taken D．taking
【解析】 everything与take之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】 B
22．________，he can’t go out for a walk as usual.
A．With so much work to do B．With so much work doing
C．With so much work done D．With so much work having done
【解析】 从意思上看，逗号前面要表达的意思是“有许多工作要做”，表示“有工作要做”时往往用不定式表示。这里to do的逻辑主语是句子的主语he，故选A。
【答案】 A
23．_______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A.To be tired B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
【解析】 tired 做状语，说明主语的状态。
【答案】 B
24．A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ____ all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
【解析】 killing 做结果状语。
【答案】 B
25．________from the way he speaks，he may come from the north.
A．Judged B．Judging
C．When you judged D．Because you judge
【解析】 judging from，according to，generally speaking等都是固定用法。
【答案】 B
26．______ the right kind of training, these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
【解析】 对于句子的主语而言与动词give是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用given
【答案】D
27．________many times，the problems were settled at last.
A．Having discussed B．Being discussed
C．To be discussed D．Discussed
【解析】 problem与discuss之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，要用表示被动的非谓语动词。A项可以先排除。这里表示已经“讨论”过了，故选D。
【答案】 D
28．Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ____ with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
【解析】 compare A with B，对于新老房子比较是被动的关系。
【答案】 D
29．It is said that the problem________at the meeting yesterday is a very important one.
A．to be discussed B．having been discussed
C．being discussed D．discussed
【解析】 四个选项都表示“被动”，但由yesterday可知这里表示已发生的动作，
【答案】 D
30．The dishes________so delicious are cooked by my father who is a good cook.
A．tasting B．tasted
C．to taste D．to be tasted
【解析】 尽管taste与dishes之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但是taste是感官动词，它没有被动形式，故选A。tasting so delicious这一分词短语中相当于which taste so delicious这一定语从句。
【答案】 A
31. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
【解析】 with复合结构中work与finish是被动关系
【答案】 A
32. Throughout history, the language ____ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.
A. speaking B. spoken C. to speak D. to be spoken
【解析】 spoken做后置定语
【答案】B
33. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
【解析】 spoken做宾补
【答案】C
34. --Can those _____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
-- No problem.
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
【解析】 seated做后置定语
【答案】C
35. ---Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
---- Sorry, with so much work ____ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
【解析】 with复合结构中work 与fill是主谓关系
【答案】B
36. He is very popular among his students as he always make them _____ in his lectures.
A. insterested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
【解析】 interested做宾补
【答案】A
37. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
【解析】 the flowers与water是动宾关系，做状语
【答案】A
38. My cousin came to see me from the country, _______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
【解析】 bring与主语是主谓关系，做状语
【答案】B
39.Faces with a bill for $ 10,000, ______.
A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job.
【解析】 考查句子主语与状语的逻辑一致
【答案】D
40. With a lot of difficulties ___ , they had to send for an expert to help them.
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
【解析】 with复合结构中名词与settle是动宾关系，但是从语境看知困难将要解决，故用不定式。
【答案】C
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