1 well above average
2 One of the most important things I’ve learned is how much there is to learn， and how much I don’t yet know.
3 Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matters.
4 Every student should regularly experience the “Aha！”
5 While you learn a little bit about many subjects， make sure you learn a great deal about one or two. It hardly matters what the subject is， as long as it deeply interests you， and you place it in broader human context.
6 But don’t get trapped by the first subject that interests you， or the first ting you find yourself good at.
7 Discuss ideas in depth with friends. It’s much braver to ask questions even when there’s a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you. 8 Many conversations are a kind of competition that rarely leads to discovery on either side. 9 The only embarrassment is in not learning from your mistakes.
10 This is a deflation of our pretensions， to be sure， but it is also the opening up to our view of a vast and awesome universe.
11 In a world as tightly connected as ours is， don’t restrict your attention to American or Western culture. 2 phrase
1 above\\below average. Well的用法 He is no longer young. He is well over fifty. It’s well past midnight， I think it’s time you went home. 2 back then
3 some 与数字连用 大约 Some 80 students have taken the course. 4 deficiencies 不足 缺乏
5 more + 名词短语 + than + 名词短语：与其说……不如说…。 For him， music is more a way of life than an interest.
6 the + 形容词最高级 + of + 名词 的用法 the greatest of philosophers in ancient Greece. The best of my father’s friends. The most intelligent of his students.
7 it + 否定词 + matter（s） + wh- 的用法 It doesn’t matter how you do the job as long as you do it well. It hardly matters how you do it， as long as you do the job well and complete it on time. 8 gateway to 9 as well as you can
10 on the part of sb.\\on sb.’s part： There is no need for any more explanation on my part. There must be some misunderstanding on their part.
11 confine…。to： They managed to confine the disease to a small area. 12 deaden sb. to sth. become deadened to sth
13 leave + 宾语 + 宾补（形容词 分词等）：使…。处于某种状况 He left all the windows open for half an hour. The news left everybody depressed.
14 far form： The result of the match is far from （being） satisfactory. It was obvious that what he said was far from the truth.
15 open up to： The policy of reform and opening up to the outside world. 改革开放政策 16 no more than： She had no more than a banana for lunch. He went to New York with no more than 2 dollars in his pocket.
17 exposure to：接触…。感受…。的熏陶，受到…的影响
Too much exposure to the sun might cause skin diseases. Living in Europe for a year， he gained some exposure to western culture.
18 there is something to\\in ： There’s something to what he’s just said.
19 be capable of sth.\\doing sth.： He is capable of doing the work of three men. In times of crisis， man is capable of doing things that seem beyond his strength. 20 do sth and you will 来源:考试大-自考
21 take （a） delight in sth\\doing sth：以…。为乐 The old man takes great delight in his granddaughter. He never takes delight in other people’s failures. 3 interpretation
1 The collapse of the big newly-built bridge led to a criminal prosecution against an engineer and two local government officials.
2 At the opening ceremony， the municipal government will provide food and drink for more than 1，000 guests.
3 As long as we can get a little rest， it doesn’t matter where we go. 4 Poultry are very easily infected by this disease. Book 1 lesson 2 1 text
1 If next you were asked to list people who are generally admired by society， who some how seem bigger than life， you might come up with an entirely different list.
2 By definition， heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage， achievements， and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of others—they are people against whom we measure others.
3 ………heroes and heroines are hard to come by. 4 we have latched onto cultural icons……
5 But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death…
6 “The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment； the celebrity by his image or trademark.
7 The shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship occurred around the turn of the century. 8 Slowly， the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like.
9 With the arrival of television， the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table.
10 Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it” in America.
11 Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound.
12 This kind of attitude rewards smooth， insincere talk， and makes hesitancy look like stupidity.
13 He might have been first in the hearts of his countrymen， but today he’d be dragging his bottom in the ratings. 2 phrase
1 bigger\\larger than life： My disappointment was bigger than life.
2 come up with：提出 想出 No one could find a solution to the problem， but finally Bill came up with an idea. The scientist came up with a good plan for using solar energy. 3 rather than： 不是…。（而是），与其…。（不如）
4 in short
5 by definition： By dictionary definition， an icon is a person or a thing regarded as symbol of something.
6 be distinguished（from……）by ： 由于…而有别（于……） He is distinguished from his twin brother by a mole on his back.
7 measure…against：对照……来评价……… He constantly measures his performance against that of the best goalkeeper in the country. 8 come by 9 be beyond sb. 10 bereft of
11 latch onto\\on to sb\\sth
12 people who are simply famous for being famous people well-known for their well-knownness 13 in part
14 more than a ……death： Nothing pleases the professor more than his students’ achievement. 15 become ： 适合， 与…相称 Purple becomes her. Don’t be rude ， Jack. It doesn’t become you.
16 personal habits 来源:考试大-自考 17 shift （away） from…to…：由…转移到…
18 make it： I believe he’s got the talent to make it. He dreamed of going to college all his life， but never made it.
19 be sure to do sth.： 一定要…；肯定会…。 With your talent， your are sure to make it. Be sure to take the medicine before you go to bed. Be sure to read the text before class. 20 reward 3 interpretation
1 They are always measuring their own work against the standard set for the professionals’ work.
2 Plainclothes policemen were waiting in the dark for the burglars to show up. 3 At sundown， the strong cold wind has shifted form the southeast to the northwest.
4 Many people have come to realize the side-effect from the use of cellular phones in public. 5 All the people who came to watch the football game were very excited. 6 Tow months is needed to finish this work.（被动语态） Book 1 lesson 3 1 text
1 If you are not moving ahead， you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching， experimenting and exploring.
2 Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully， the other being labor. 3 “we are slaves to nothing but the clock，”
4 Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run our of a person’s hourglass， they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. 5 Don’t take it personally.
6 Many of us have what might be called “a short fuse.” 7 …。be this in terms of pleasure， work value， or rest.
8 much less do they take them out for dinner， or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.
9 We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies.
10 bur in the business world we almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever we are doing.
11 …especially given our traffic-filled streets.
12 In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact， requiring face-to-face conversation.
13 Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse， it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant， not worthy of proper respect.
14 Usually， the more important a task is， the more capital， energy， and attention will be poured into it in order to “get it moving.” 2 phrase
1 be committed to： From then on， I was committed to shedding the weight and getting into shape.
2 be slave to\\of： 受…。的支配或影响 An ancient Greek philosopher once said that the rich man was slave to his money. Quite a number of girls are slaves of fashion.
3 account for sth.：对……作出解释 The boy could not account for the time he spent away from school.
4 charge（sb. money） for sth： 向（某人）收取…的费用 They charge $10 for a haircut there. The hotel doesn’t charge for breakfast.
Charge sb. money（for sth.）：（因…。）向某人收取费用 The watch-repairer charged Lao Li 200 yuan for his service.
5 count： 有价值，有重要意义 We don’t have much water left， so make every drop count. Strength， skill and willpower count equally in sports. 6 attach importance/significance/value， etc. to：认为…重要
We attach great importance to the good relations between our tow countries. People seem to attach too much importance to his opinion. 7 have a short fuse
8 slip away： leave quickly She slipped away ten minutes after the film began. Time’s slipping away.
9 in terms of：在…。方面， 就…。而论
10 go with sth.： be included with or as apart of sth. 包括，…。是其一部分 The car goes with the job.
11 over：在做…的时候 Let’s discuss the matter over dinner. They exchanged information over a cup of tea.
12 small talk 闲谈，聊天
13 much less： They wouldn’t even take any souvenir， much less money. She was so tired that she did not want to speak， much less sing. Much less 在句首时，要倒装 14 seek out 努力寻找，找出
15 rather than： She is shy rather than proud.
We attach or importance to what he is rather than what his parents are.
16 lay out 设计，规划（建筑物等）
17 （hard）on the heels of： happening very soon after Famine came hard on the heels of flood.
18 work（hard） at ： 在………上（狠）下工夫
19 given prep. ： 考虑到……… Given his age， he’s done well.
Given that there was so little money available for the project， they’ve done a good job. 20 有increasing的句子里，一般用进行时，表示行为在当前一段时间里正在发生。 In China ， an increasing number of children are learning to play the piano. 21 in a matter of moments： 一会儿工夫。 A matter of + 名词，表示量少 The taxi arrived in a matter of minutes. They think the war will be over in a matter of months.
22 it seems as if/as though：看起来好象 It seems as if she doesn’t like the watch I gave her. 23 being considered： 正在被考虑
24 worthy of ： 值得 He is a man worthy of trust.
25 be felt to do/to be：（人们）觉得………（往往不正确）
Garbage collecting is generally felt to be less honorable than many other jobs. 26 give sith. Added weight： 使…更重要
27 take sth as a sign of ： 把………看成是………的标志
Don’t take our patience as a sigh of weakness. 来源
28 get sth doing：（有意识地）使得… Wait until I get the machine running. 3 interpretation
1 The engineers have discussed the plan in depth. Once the project starts， it will be moving ahead smoothly.
2 Today， if you know nothing about computers， you can hardly carry on with anything. 3 Shakespeare’s achievement in literature is worthy of great praise. 4 Everybody wants to bring his family to this get-together.
5 That committee could not reach an agreement on this issue.
Book 1 lesson 4 1 text
1 I could keep them all covered
2 But in the way they all glared I could see how they’d come to hate my guts.
3 very soon now I’d doze off， and instant that happened they’d jump on the little water that was left.
4 I’d have given the rest of my life for a single gulp of water.
5 once the water was gone we’d have nothing to look forward to but death. 6 Well， there was nothing more I could do about it. 7 I stared at the canteen as if it were a mirage. 2 phrase
1 hour after hour 说话者已经感到厌烦，或是坚持不住了 day after day 2 keep sb covered： （用枪）一直瞄准某人 3 at/from close quarters/range： 很近
These boys love to watch the aircraft take off and land at close quarters. The birds were photographed at closed range. 4 hate sb’s guts
5 hold out （在危险或宽难的情况下）抵抗，坚持 The city held out until the last man.
The refugees held out against the severe cold that winter.
6 the instant/moment（that） 一……。就………（起连词作用，引出时间状语从句） The instant he sensed danger he dashed out of the house.
The children rushed out of the classroom the moment the teacher said， “class is over”。 7 count 同第三课 8 keep sb/sth away from
9 with ………-ed/adj/adv 是一种表示主语所处的某种状况时常用的结构，在句中做状语。 With all the windows open， the room is very cool.
With so many people watching me， how can I concentrate on my work？ 10 （to the）east/west/north/south of ：
He works in Beijing， and lives in a small town some 40 kilometers south of the city. 11 live for sth/sb：为………而活 12 give in to sth./sb
Parents often give in to their children’s demands.
13 the nine of them 他们九人（一共有九人），nine of them 他们当中的九人。 14 a pack of （狼群）一群，（坏人）一伙 15 envy sb sth. 16 every now and then
17 quit（doing sth）： Can’t you quit smoking？ Quit还有“辞职不干”“退学”的意思
Jim has decided to quit. He doesn’t like his job. 18 beyond all reasoning
19 cracked with yin 因………疯狂 crack-brained （人）疯狂，（思想，观点）愚蠢 20 calculating 21 afford
he’s failed tow exams and can’t afford to fail another. 22 all the more/better
After a thorough cleaning， the room looked all the more comfortable. 23 go 来源:考试大-自考
After the accident， his sight began to go.
He can’t remember where he had met the man before： his memory is going. 24 take over（sth）
He took over the company after his father died.
I’ve been driving for two hours； would you take over for a while？ The new president will take over from Mr. Johnson next week. 25 face down/ facedown 26 pick sb up 27 hold off
3 interpretation1 Hearing that the firm I work for was going to be taken over by an oil
company， I was greatly shocked. 2 The miners had been trapped in the collapsed gallery for over one week before they were picked up. 3 Mother has never given in to the difficulties encountered in the course of my growing up.
4 This country can not afford to have another civil war. Its people long for lasting peace. 5 His sincere self-criticism made us respect him all the more.
6 No force can keep the Chinese people back from reuniting their own country. Book 1 lesson 5 1 text
1 While traveling for various speaking engagements， I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children’s bedrooms. 2 I’m not complaining， only making a point.
3 I think that in far too many families， not only do children come to take their parents’ generosity for granted， but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children. 4 ………along with those things the parents yearned for but didn’t get. 5 …。requests for toys for fear that their children will feel……。
6 Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children’s unreasonable demands. Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in-but neither response seems satisfactory to them.
7 But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental guilt（since parents never feel that they’ve given enough）， nor does it make children feel more loved. 8 Children may， to some degree， become greedy， self-centered， ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feelings of others， beginning with their parents.
9 Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings of guilt don’t need to respond crossly to their children when denying a specific request which is thought to be unreasonable. They can explain， cheerfully， that it’s too expensive-except perhaps as a birthday or holiday gift-or that the child will have to contribute to its purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job.
2 phrase 1 stay overnight
2 be assigned to sth： 向（某人）提供…， 把…分派给（某人） Xiao Zhang has been assigned to Class five.
The best worker was assigned to the most difficult job. be assigned to do sth： （某人）被指派做某事。 I’ve been assigned to do it. 3 there’s （no） room for
4 toilet kit， shaving kit， sewing kit， first-aid kit， repair kit 5 be packed with
The boy’s desk is often packed with photos of his sports icons. The restaurant is always packed with celebrities. This magazine is packed with useful information.
6 an overabundance of， far too many， be overindulged with
7 take sth for granted/take for granted sth/ take （it）for granted that：把……看成是理所当然的事
Don’t take their help for granted. None of them are well.
We took it for granted that he would agree， so we didn’t ask first.
8 afford sth/to do sth： 常与can 或be able to 连用，买得起，有钱做某事。 We can’t afford anything more expensive than a bicycle-an ordinary one. I can’t afford to go to that concert. It would wipe out half my monthly allowance. 9 hold down a job
10 feel guilty about， guilty of
11 shower sb with sth/ shower sth on sb：给某人大量的……… The little girl rushed to her parents and showered them with kisses. On her 100th birthday， the city showered her with gifts and good wishes.
12 along with sth/sb： 除此之外；同样；一起 They got financial aid， along with encouragement. Alcohol is forbidden on campus， along with tobacco.
The veteran soldiers， along with their families， were invited to the party. 13 yearn for
14 say on to sb/sth：拒绝做…。
15 for fear that…/of doing sth：为了避免…发生；惟恐…发生 They tiptoed upstairs for fear of waking their parents. 16 stand up to后面一般跟sb，表示顶住某人要求等
If you stand up to them， they will stop making unreasonable demands. If you don’t’ stand up to bullies， they will continue to have their way. stand up to sth：（物质或物品）耐磨，耐用
In 1998， the dam stood up to the severest flood in history. Are these houses going to stand up to strong earthquakes？ 17 vacillate between
She vacillated between her two admirers. 18 sour 使…。恶化
What he said has soured the relations between the two sides. 19 rob sb of 使…失去；（非法）剥夺
The disease robbed the man of much of his hearing. 20 do little
21 insensitive to
22 force sb into doing/ to do sth 一般用force to do sth更自然 23 be challenged to be……… 受到激发而…。
Children of boarding schools are more challenged to be independent than those at day schools.
24 have experience in doing sth
He has a lot of experience in dealing with rejects.
25 on demand： as soon as they ask for， on arrival， on graduation
26 （or） rather adv： （用来修正或补充正文）并非那样，而是…。，更确切的说 H seemed pleased to hear the criticism. Or rather， he pretended to be pleased. The President’s secretary， or rather， his daughter， arranged all his engagements. 27 impress sth on/upon sb 使某人对…明确无误，使铭记…。
The manager impressed upon the salesmen the importance of creating new markets. 28 make a / one’s point 发表看法 29 by and large 30 abide by
Is this something that foreign residents should also abide by？ We have always abided by all the agreements we have signed. 31 push sb to/into doing sth 催促，鼓励或逼迫某人做某事
The boy is a diligent student. His parents never have to push him to do his homework. She thanked her teacher for pushing her into sending her essays to a magazine. 32 keep at it
The experiment may take a few days to finish， but it’s worth keeping at it. I was about to give up when my classmates shouted， “Keep at it！” 33 be bound to do sth： be certain to do sth The weather is bound to improve in a couple of days.
He’s bound to get the scholarship. No other applicant is better qualified. 34 be satisfied with 35 keep on doing sth
His children kept on pestering him while he was working hard on a report. 36 work （on sb/sth）
The folk remedy works. My headache’s gone. Do you think the plan will work？ 3 interpretations
1 With the labor market being increasingly competitive， many people do not take their present jobs for granted.
2 After the brutal long-drawn-out tribal war， the common people living in the area all yearning for peace and security.
3 Standing up to the great pressure from the doctor and relatives， my mother insisted on teaching me reading and writing.
4 Since neither side gave in to the other， the war had been going on for more than a decade. 来源:考试大-自考 Book 1 lesson 6 1 text
1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.
2 These cues， which may be words， gestures， facial expressions， customs， or norms， are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.
3 All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues， often without our conscious awareness.
4 When foreigners in a strange land get together to grumble about the host country and its people， you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another symptom of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance. 5 It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.
6 However， those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.
7 If you are a real tourist， you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to the next new location or experience.
8 When you stay in a new environment for a while， you move to stage two-the crisis stage-in which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in.
9 However， if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically， you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock： recovery.
10 In recovery， you learn the systems， procedures， language， or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery， competence， and comfort.
11 You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country’s money； you know where services are located and how to use them；
12 I began to feel familiar with traveling by “tube”。 13 using some phrases that are unique to English people. 2 phrase 1 symptom 2 result from
The disease results from Vitamin C deficiency. Result in ：
The Evening Messenger has decided to offer the above reward to any person who gives information which results in the arrest of William Strickland. 3 a thousand and one
I have got a thousand and one things to do this morning. 4 depend on / for sth
5 in much the same way， in much the same， The two boys are much the same age. The wounded soldier is much the same toady.
6 grumble（to sb） about/at/over sb/sth： complain（to sb.） about sb/sth in a bad-tempered way
A lot of students grumble about heavy reading assignments. grumble + that
The immigrants grumbled that they were treated as second-class citizens. 7 take on
Now that it is remodeled， the house has taken on a new look.
After the invention of the radio， the word “broadcast” took on a new meaning. 8 it takes/took………to do sth.
It takes great courage to do the job
It takes patience to work under a man like by boss. 9 bring sb back to reality 来源:考试大-自考
10 be/get/become accustomed to sth： be/get/become familiar with sth. Soon we all got accustomed to Prof. Wang’s way of teaching. Have you become accustomed to life abroad？ 11 wear（sth） off
The child’s interest in the game soon wore off. 12 try out sth（on sb）： test or use sb.sth， They tried out the new medicine on dogs. 13 the shine
14 day-to-day realities
15 sink in： be fully understood or realized
I said hello in quite a few yards before the message sand in that this wasn’t the thing to do. 16 barriers to （doing） sth 17 beyond： apart from 18 stick with sb/sth
I’ll stick with my idea no matter what you say.
19 on the basis of： because of a particular fact or situation
He’s recently been made public relations manager on the basis of his performance. 20 the other way round
21 become adapted to sth./adapt（oneself） to sth： become adjusted to new conditions， The old lady quickly adapted herself to life in the city. 3 interpretations
1 Since China adopted the reform and opening-up to the outside world policy， this city has taken on an entirely new look.
2 The foreigners who are suffering from culture shock often cut themselves off from the rest of the world.
3 For the first few months， many freshmen are hardly adapted themselves to the college life. 4 Biologists decided to try out that set of expensive equipment.
5 I noticed that she had greatly improved her behaviors since she returned from abroad. 6 More and more Chinese people begin to concern themselves with environmental protection. Book 1 lesson 7 1 text
1 Romance is the privilege of the rich， not the profession of the unemployed. 2 The poor should be practical and ordinary.
3 Intellectually， we must admit， he was not of much importance.
4 He was as popular with men as he was with women， and he had every quality except that of making money.
5 He had gone on the Stock exchange for six months； but what was a butterfly to do among bulls and bears？
6 Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss her shoestrings.
7 Trevor was a painter. Indeed， few people are not nowadays. But he was also an artist， and artists are rather rare.
8 When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man.
9 Unless one is wealthy there is no use in being a charming fellow. 10 He never said a clever or even an ill-natured thing in his life. 11 That did not answer.
12 ………was charmingly blamed for giving away a pound， 2 phrase
1 there/it is no use /good （in） doing sth
Unless one is wealthy there is no use in being a charming fellow. 2 popular with/among： liked， admired or enjoyed by
This young teacher is very popular with the students.
He is very competent lawyer， but not very popular with his fellows. 3 live on 4 go on 5 tire of
His interest in the stock exchange soon wore off， and tired of the business. The old man never tires of teaching others what they don’t know. 6 make matters/things worse
The earthquake left half the villagers homeless； the storm that followed made tings worse. 7 lose one’s temper， lose one’s health， keep one’s temper 8 between
They opened a small bookstore between them. This couple has quite a lot in common between them. 9 not hear of ： not permit 10 see about ： deal with
The tap is leaking； we must find a plumber to see about it. 11 drop in
Drop in whenever you come to see your parents. 12 personally ： as a person
Personally she is a very charming girl， but intellectually she is below average. Personally还常常在句首表示as far as I am concerned， 就我个人而言 Personally， I don’t like the film. 13 seek（after）
14 put/add the finishing touches（to sth）
She got a few buttons and added the finishing touches to dress.
She went over what she had written and put the finishing touches to the essay. 15 make a picture of sb
16 fell（about/around）（for sb/sth） 来源:考试大-自考 He felt in his briefcase for a pen.
In the dark， he felt around for the switch. The blind man felt along the wall for the staircase. 17 slip ： put sth somewhere 3 interpretations
1 The Legend washing machine has a great sale on account of its after-sale service. 2 George like s blaming others for anything he himself has done wrong.
3 My professor would not hear of my working in the laboratory during Christmas. 4 I cannot give any commitment at he moment， but I will see about it. 5 He went bankrupt and had to got his friends for financial help. Book 1 lesson 8 1 text
1 “Finished and framed， my boy！”
2 I think it is terrible that any one should be so miserable.
3 What you call rags I call romance. What seems poverty to you is charm to me. 4 “An artist’s heart is his head，”
5 ………， our business is to show the world as we see it， not to make it better.
6 He has a house in every capital， has his dinner off gold plate， and can prevent Russia going to war when he wishes.
7 …and he sank into an arm-chair the picture of dismay.
8 “I think you ought to have told me， Alan，” said Hughie in a bad temper， “and not have let me make such a fool of myself.”
9 “Millionaire models，” remarked Alan， “are rare enough； but model millionaires are rarer still！”
2 phrase
1 all right ： in a satisfactory manner； satisfactorily Are you getting along all right with your college friends？ I think her performance is quite all right. 2 care for/ care to do sth
Would you care for some more coffee？
If you’d care to go on a trip to Hawaii， I’ll arrange everything for you. 3 fall ： begin to be sth. Fall asleep， fall ill， fall silent， fall victim. 4 to bits ： into small pieces 5 not/never………for anything
The old man wouldn’t leave his home village for anything. This time I wouldn’t give in for anything.
The man said that he would never sell that picture for anything. 6 lot
The Grounds were a handsome lot. My father held out against the lot of them. 7 heart， head
8 mean to say ： admit readily 来源:考试大 9 as you call him
The situation in the country， as the president has pointed out， is improving. 10 on earth/in the world 11 that sort/kind of thing
12 the picture of health/ innocence/ despair
Wearing rags and holding out his hat for money， the old model was the picture of misery. 13 burst into
14 make a fool of oneself
15 to begin with
16 it never entered my mind/head that
It never entered my mind that the much admired TV star was a secret agent. 17 go about sth/doing sth
It’s a difficult job. I don’t know how to go about it. 18 give sth away
He gave a lot of his books away to people who need but cannot afford them. 19 in full dress 20 in high spirits
21 laughing to oneself， talk to oneself ， think to oneself 22 helpless with ： unable to control a strong feeling one has 23 for sb ： on behalf of sb
Let me say a few words for my school. 24 have the honor of doing sth 3 interpretations
1 It is generally believed that the greatest shortcoming of many unemployed women is the lack of confidence.
2 This is what I saw and heard in Tibet， and it’s very inspiring.
3 Christ’s mother firmly believed that her son was born disabled， but not an idiot. Book 1 lesson 9 1 text
1 There was enough in them to get me hanged-if the Gestapo ever discovered them. 2 It was risky， but life in the Third Reich had always been risky. It was worth a try. 3 Wasn’t I tempting fate； how could these hard-nose Nazi detectives help but smell out the diaries beneath my broadcasts？
4 Customs officials always felt better if they found something in your bags to seize， and so would these Gestapo officials.
5 That would make a Gestapo official sit up and take notice. It would give me prestige in his eyes， or at least make me less suspect， foreigner though I was. 6 Everything a Gestapo headquarters worked out as I had planned. 7 I had deliberately got myself into this jam. What a fool！ 8 It will go down in history！ 来源:考试大-自考
9 I started to glance at the morning papers I had bought automatically on arriving at the airport. 10 I wouldn’t have to put up with anything anymore in the great Third Reich. 2 phrase 1 be limited to
His stay in the city is limited to 4 day a month.
Their reading is limited to computer science and telecommunications. 2 hold up
The storm held up our flight for 40 minutes.
They had been held up on the road by an accident so they were late. I do hope my application for leave won’t hold up too long. 3 关系代词which 代表整个主句的意思 He said he was busy， which was true.
4 think sth over/think over that， when ， how， etc. 5 get（sth/sb） out of ： move（sth/sb） out of
The fire brigade managed to get all the children out of the burning building. We must get these rare animals out of the place before the flood. 6 tempt fate/providence ： take a risk 7 can’t help but do sth
He can’t help but reject the offer if there are strings attached. 8 smell sth/sb out
The dog smelt our drugs in the suitcase.
9 make sb sit up （and take notice）
The strange nose made all of us sit up and take notice.
A few strange personal ads in the paper made Bob Sugg sit up and take notice， and he helped smell out a series of burglaries. Gamble on sth/doing sth
He called for another vote， gambling on getting more support. 10 work out ： develop in a specific way Their experiment worked out differently. Things did not work out as well as we expected. 11 be/get（oneself）into a jam
12 all the way/the whole way ： during the entire journey； during the whole period of a time 13 make/go down in history 14 be free to do sth
15 the （very） thought of （doing） sth 来源:考试大 The very thought of going home fill ed him with warmth. 16 beyond the reach of sb/sth
All dangerous things should be placed beyond children’s reach. Finally he found salesmanship was beyond his reach. 17 glance at/over/through ： read sth quickly or not thorough 18 on and on ： without stopping
The rain went on and on， as it would never stop. 3 interpretations
1 The traffic to the city had been held up for nearly one week by a big tunnel fire.
2 The collapse of a bridge made the local government officials sit up and take notice. It also urged them to make the decision to inspect all the bridges being built.
3 Everyone is concerned with the situation in that area， expecting to see how it will work out.
4 The workers could hardly put up with the terrible management and the low efficiency in that factory.
5 We are proud of the achievements we have made in our country in the past fifty years. 6 Students good at thinking independently are difficult to teach but usually promising. 7 It is indeed hard for a young man to be responsible for this big profect. 来源:考试大-自考Book 1 lesson 10 1 text
1 ………， small and thin as she was，， possessed a strength that ……… 2 She was a real find.
3 It seemed that he had made a good match.
4 The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding， but she went to the church and waited at the steps to see her son lead the “young lady” to the altar………
5 “Does it pay to make sacrifices for children？ The mother uses up her last strength， and he does not even know the meaning of loyalty.
6 The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking，………
7 These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind， of the will to work not only as one’s strength permits but beyond the limits of one’s power.
8 She had been driven by an indomitable will to return the property to its rightful owners， to fulfill the task she had undertaken.
9 Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy souls meet， regardless of the roles they played on this earth， in whatever tongue， of whatever religion. I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoman. I cannot even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort. 2 phrase
1 sickly ： often ill 2 broken in body 3 come from（sth）
This story comes from The Arabian Nights.
His love of math came from his grandfather’s influence. 4 count out ： count things（one by one）
He counted out a thousand dollars in hundred-dollar bills and put them on the table. 5 find
She is a real find in the theatre.
6 the poor and aged， the poor and the aged
7 be blessed with sth/sb ： be fortunate in having sth./sb. We’re blessed with very loving and understanding parents. 8 pay
It pays to invest in education. It never pays to overindulge children. Lying doesn’t pay. 9 use up
We must not use up all our natural resources in our time， leaving nothing for the future generations.
10 not know the meaning of
He is a brave policeman， and never knows the meaning of fear. This boy doesn’t know the meaning of courtesy. 11 from
She was suffering form cold and hunger.
He knew from experience that she wasn’t telling the truth. I guessed from his name that he was Japanese. 12 speak of
Barrett’s scarred face spoke of the fierce fights he had been in. The man’s eyes spoke of great suffering. 13 tell of 来源:考试大-自考
14 a wave of ， a wave of anger ， a wave of protest， a wave of violence， a crime wave 15 stand on one’s own（two）feet ： be independent and able to look after oneself
16 live to be… 17 god/heaven forbid
18 What good is………？/what is the good of………？ 19 cross oneself
20 be driven by………to do
It was the life in him， unwilling to die， that drove him on. 21 rightful 3 interpretations
1 The rare kindness and generosity with which my grandmother has been blessed make her respected by those who know her.
2 I’m afraid your request is beyond the limits of his power.
3 She had cancer when she was young， but recovered later and lived to be an advanced age. 4 She decided to go to the evening school regardless of her parents’ strong objection. 5 This is the book published in 1880s， which greatly influenced people’s view about the world.
6 China expressed the hope that the talks about nuclear weapons control should be held recently.
7 There is no denying the fact that he is guilty of murder. Book 1 lesson 11 1 text
1 The eldest son of parents who were themselves poor， I had， fortunately， to begin to perform some useful work in the world while still very young in order to earn an living and therefore came to understand even in early boyhood that my duty was to assist my parents and become， as soon as possible， a breadwinner in the family.
2 What I could get to do， not what I desired， was the question.
3 I resolved then that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.
4 I think this makes a man out of a boy sooner than almost anything else. It is everything to feel that you are useful
5 The responsibility of keeping the water right and of running the engine， and the danger of my mistaking a mistake and blowing the whole factory to pieces， caused too great a strain， and I often awoke and found myself sitting up in bed through the night， trying the steam-gauges. 6 ………， and get more out of life.
7 It is because I know how sweet and happy and pure the home of honest poverty is， how free it is from perplexing care， from social envy and emulations， how loving and how united its members my be in the common interest of supporting the family，… 2 phrase
1 serve ： spend a period of time learning a trade/in a post/ in prison Franklin Roosevelt served 4 terms as U.S President. The man is serving a three-year sentence for bribery. 2 help
Xiao Li helped Professor Chen to carry those books to his office. 3 The question is = The problem is 4 no fewer than 来源:考试大-自考
That cool summer， they sold no fewer than 70 air-conditioners. 5 keep the wolf from the door 6 that is/was how/why/what
That’s why I’d left my mum and dad in the North， and came to London. 7 I cannot/can’t tell you how/what
I just can’t tell you how I felt when I heard the news. 8 be of use ： be useful
9 everything ： the most important thing 10 outweigh ： be greater or more important than
Many people believe that the benefits of TV far outweigh the harm it might do to children. 11 describe sth/sb as
I wouldn’t describe the meeting as successful.
12 aim and end， fair and square
13 something within always told me that this would not， could not， should not last. 14 be set to do sth be set to sth
She was set to win the championship.
15 a point/matter/question of honor ： something you feel you must do because of your moral principles
It was a point of honor with the washwoman to return the wash to its rightful owner. 16 relieve sb of
The university assigned a part-time secretary to relieve Professor Smith’s assistant of some of his work. 17 make out 18 add（sth） up
Add all the items up and see how much we have to pay. 19 get sth out of sth She got a lot out of reading.
I don’t understand what you’ve got out to this trash. He seems to have got a lot out of the course. 20 as a rule 21 in sb
We’ve all found a good friend in Xiao Liu. We have a good centre forward in Xiao Wang. 22 all in one
To me， he is brother， friend and guardian all in one.
In those days， that cave dwelling served as a study， a clinic and a conference room all in one. 23 count for much/little ： of much/little value or importance Empty promises count for little.
Do diplomas count for anything on the job market？ 24 free from 来源:考试大-自考
He wants to live in a small town free from noise pollution. Now that he’s retired he’s free from all responsibilities. 25 sympathize with（sb/sth）
I must tell you how much we sympathize with you on your loss. We always sympathize with just causes. 26 spring from
Where did your sister spring from？ I thought she was in Europe. 27 were not born to die 28 be born to/into/of 3 interpretations
1 He has leant from his life time experience that friendship and love count for much more than money.
2 In the common interest of protecting the nature， a lot of governments have been united to abolish the poisonous pollution caused by chemical industry.
3 With the coming of the College Entrance Examination， the parents of the examinees are trying their best to relieve their children of the mental burden. 4 Every student who wants to get a certificate must pass the exam. 5 You spend too much time watching TV and too little time doing exercises. 6 In England， the changeable weather is a topic which is much talked about. 7 I agree with much of what he said， but not all. Book 1 lesson 12 1 text
1 Rachel Carson continued to feel that way for much of her life. “It was pleasant to believe，” she wrote later， “that much of Nature was forever beyond the tampering reach of man.
2 It was comforting to suppose that the stream of life would flow on through time in whatever course God had given it-without interference by one of the drops in that stream-man.
3 She wrote about it not only in formal academic reports but also in a book that informed and thrilled laymen around the world. The Sea Around Us， published in 1951， has been translated into more than thirty languages and was on the best-seller list for more than eighty consecutive weeks. 4 The Sea Around Us was a delightful antidote to our ignorance.
5 One might guess that at this time Carson the reader might have reminded Carson the scientist of some passages in Shakespeare’s most famous play.
6 As a scientist， she learned with sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the “tampering reach of man” 2 phrase
1 be/feel at（one’s）ease ： be completely relaxed Hans felt most at ease with children. 2 in a way
3 aware of ： realizing that
When she became aware of the danger， she left the house immediately. Aware that
From the way they talked， she became aware that they were keeping something from her. 4 concerning prep： in connection with
Even in dying， however， we still have choices concerning how we handle what is happening to us. 5 stir up
His speech stirred up racial hatred.
6 fire sb ： stimulate sb’s imagination； fill sb with a strong emotion 7 be acquainted with/ acquaint sb/oneself with sth 8 magic touch ： excellent style 9 share sth with sb ： tell sb about sth 来 She wouldn’t share her worries with anybody.
I would like to share with you my experiences in the Middle East. 10 aware
My sister is politically very aware. He is an artistically aware person. Be/become aware that
Then I looked up and became aware that everyone was staring at me silently. 11 tend to do/be ： be likely to do/be
Overindulged children tend to be less creative than other children. In primary and secondary school， girls tend to work harder than boys. 12 be recycled
It’s more expensive to recycle used bottles than to make new ones. But it’s worthwhile for the protection of the environment. 13 be dependent on 14 know of
15 pass on（from…。）to
These fairy tales have passed on from generation to generation. Joe quickly passed the ball to Jim， who kicked it into the goal. 16 persist in doing sth/in sth
If you persist in jogging， you’ll shed some weight.
Year after year， she persisted in training， and was at last admitted to the swimming team of the province.
17 explode into ： develop
The border incident exploded into a war between the two countries. 3 interpretations
1 Not long after， Mr. Budd found out that his customer was the man on the police’s wanted list.
2 how to bring up the only child properly has stirred up much controversy in China. 3 Muscle protein will break down more quickly when one is doing strenuous exercises. Book 1 lesson 13
1 text
1 The father jumped to his feet， and ran to the bedroom， “Let’s go，” he snapped， “shelter drill！” Although they had had many rehearsals， his voice and bearing sent the youngsters dashing for the door without a word.
2 “This is the hot one， son，” said his father tersely， “the real one.” He and the boy stared at each other a long moment， both knowing what must be done and each knowing the other would more than do his share， yet wondering still at the frightening fact that it must be done at all. 3 Outside， the day was crisp and clear， typical of early fall. 4 …。when the showdown comes，…
5 “God created the family as the basic unit of society，” he reasoned. “That should make it plain that a man’s primary Christian duty is to protect his family.”
6 He was stunned by her plea. What must I do？ He asked himself in sheer agony. What man on earth could deny a child the chance to live？
7 Then struck the first bomb， blinding them， burning them， blasting them into eternity. 2 phrase
1 cut sth/sb off 来源:考试大-自
The chairman cut the speaker off when he exceeded the time limit. After the earthquake， our water supply was cut off. 2 heading this way ： moving this way
I saw Xiao Jiang a moment age. He was heading for the library.
3 send sb/sth doing sth ： make sb move sharply or quickly， often by force The explosion sent people running in all directions.
The earth quaked and sent everything on the table crashing to the floor. The next instant he received a hard kick that sent him flying. 4 send sb to the shelter/school/hospital/prison 5 take sb to a place
They decided to send their little daughter to school next year.
The old man takes his grandson to school in the morning and brings him back in the afternoon. 6 wonder at sth ： be surprised and amazed about sth
They all wondered at all that had happened when they were away. Wonder that
We all wonder that our Chinese teacher at primary school is still teaching there. 7 at all
I don’t want to see the man at all. 8 look sb in the eye（s）/face 9 typical of
It is typical of Americans to hop from job to job. 10 see that ： check
The guard went from office to office to see that all were locked. 11 square away ： get ready； put in order He didn’t leave until everything was squared away.
When every body was squared away， the teacher said， “let’s start off！” 12 call oneself sth
They call themselves servants of the people， but they are utterly indifferent to the people’s suffering.
They call themselves vegetarians， but we often see them eating in a seafood restaurant. 13 deny sth to sb/sb sth
Many parents never deny their children anything. Children of poor families are often denied good education. 14 nothing but ： only 15 a/some degree of 来 16 make it plain（to sb） that……
The interviewer made it plain that he was not interested in me.
He kept on looking at his watch. That made it plain to us that he had no intention to continue the negotiation.
17 take on ： begin to have a particular quality or appearance
The home environment suddenly takes on tremendous importance. 18 break down sth
In a foreign country， if you want to make friends， you have to break down the language barrier first. 19 tick away/by
20 what man on earth could………to live？ 3 interpretations
1 You can’t call yourself a good accountant if you can’t keep account according to the auditors’ instructions.
2 Seeing no need for summoning more witnesses for interrogation， the court intends to close the case soon.
来源:考试大-自考Book 1 lesson 14 1 text
11 It started on a biting cold February morning. 2 I’ll cover your classes.
3 I was to close the file and write the obituary for the school paper. 4 the almost bare sheets in the file mocked the effort.
5 As far as I could tell， he had never done one happy， noisy kid thing. He had never been any body at all.
6 How do you go about making a boy into a zero？ 7 The other academic sheep had followed with “dull”；
8 Even shy， timid， sweet children have resilience. It takes time to break them. 9 A child is a believing creature. Cliff undoubtedly believed them. 10 He has been my challenge year after year， class after class.
11 …the school board， but I won’t have one of you coming out of here thinking himself into a zero. 2 phrase
1 stop（sb） short
The marching soldiers stopped short at the general’s command.
When the driver saw an old lady crossing the street， he brought the car to a sudden stop 2 come/bring sth to a stop
Passengers began to crowd at the door before the train came to a stop. 3 against
4 tap sb on the arm/shoulder ， take sb by the hand， seize sb by the arm， hit sb over the head/in the stomach
5 drop dead ： die suddenly and unexpectedly without having previously been ill 6 I’d appreciate your doing st/it if………
We’d appreciate it if you wouldn’t mention our identity. I’d appreciate your understanding my absence from the party. 7 your going our 8 in person
9 see sth/sb in one’s mind’s eye ： imagine and have a clear picture of it/him/her in one’s mind She can see in her mind’s eye the white building where she had classes twenty years ago. 10 close ： bring sth to an end/ come to an end The chairman closed the meeting with a short speech. 11 as far as I know/can tell 12 go about sth/doing sth
They want to raise money for helpless old people， but they don’t know how to go about it. Graduating students are busy going about looking for jobs. 13 make sb/sth into sth ：cause to become
He used to be an innocent lad. His bitter experience has make him into a man. 14 hand
15 What……has done to sb/sth
16 with a lump in one’s chest， have a lump in one’s /the throat
17 not have sb doing sth
He won’t have anyone smoking in his office.
They won’t have their children speaking rudely to anybody. 18 think oneself into
He talked his father into buying a new car. 3 interpretations
1 As a chief， his task is to organize the work in the lab. He seldom does experiment in person. 2 Many years later， he could still see the terrible scene of the air crash in his mind’s eye. 3 Doctors point out that medicine of this type is harmful to babies. 4 Repeated failures have driven him out of his mind.
5 Don’t carry too many things with you when you go traveling. Just take such things as you need. （such as）
6 Talking to him is like playing the lute to a cow. （ like ） 来源:考试大-自考
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