大学英语四级模拟试卷499 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. Translation
Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: what Jobs Do College Graduates What to Take? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1．目前大学毕业生的择业情况2．男、女学生就业选择的区别3．我的观点 What Jobs Do College Graduates What to Take?
正确答案： What Jobs Do College Graduates Want to Take? It goes without saying that college students have a clear idea about their future occupation. Boys are to some extent different from girls in their choices as is seen from the table. According to the table, the most striking contrast is in the occupation of teaching: 45% of girl students would like to become teachers after graduation whereas only 5% of boys would. What boys like to do most is to become managers (40%) and the second largest group is to be businessmen (30%). Girls also like to pursue these two professions, with a percentage of 15% and 25% respectively choosing these two jobs. 15% of boys want to become lawyers while 10% of girls prefer this profession. It can be easily proved that teaching is preferred by females as it provides a more steady life. Women’s patience also fits the job well. Boys consider working as managers, businessmen and lawyers more demanding and exciting. It is tree that more boys want to show their talents in these fields. One thing noteworthy is that the number of girls who want to do business is not small. This shows that girls want to take challenging and exciting jobs, too. Nevertheless, no matter what job you choose, it could be a challenge. As for me, I like science and technology. With the economic growth and social progress, professionals of science and technology will become more and more important. Therefore I will choose doing scientific research as my career.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
The Mystery of the Mayas The ruins of once-beautiful cities in the forests of Central America tell scientists much about the amazing people who built them.
But they do not tell why these cities were suddenly abandoned over one thousand years ago. Around A. D. 800, something mysterious happened to the Mayan civilization. Walls and foundations for new buildings were left unfinished. To modern archeologists, it looked as if the cities had been abandoned. What happened? What is the possible explanation of this mystery? Early Discoveries In the late 1700’s, a group of explorers cutting their way through a forest in Central America came upon the ruins of an ancient city. Under a tangle of trees and vines, they found large, well-de- signed stone buildings and handsome stone monuments. Some of the stones were covered with a strange kind of writing. Carvings on other stones showed that at least some of the people who lived in the area long before were highly advanced.Questions Raised In the next 150 years, more cities were discovered. They seemed to be part of a great civilization stretching across 500 miles (about 800 kilometers) of forest. In 1881, an Englishman named Alfred Maudslay led the first big scientific expedition to study the ruins in the forest. Maudslay was an archeologist, a scientist who studies the remains of ancient communities for clues to how the people lived. Other expeditions followed, but at first they found more questions than answers: Who built the cities, and when the cities were built? How had the people lived here in the middle of a rain forest? Most puzzling of all, what happened to them?Possible Answers Gradually, some of the answers have been pieced together. Today, living in parts of Mexico and Guatemala, there are brown skinned Indian people called the Mayas. Scientists believe that the ancestors of these Indians built the cities and carved the stone monuments. Dates carved on some monuments show that they were put up between A. D. 300 and 800, but bits of buried pottery tell us that the Mayas had lived in some of their cities for hundreds of years earlier. At the height of Mayan civilization, there must have been over two million people living in and around hundreds of beautiful towns and cities. Archeologists digging in these cities have uncovered roads, a few water reservoirs, and temples built one on top of another. Handsome pictures made of sculptured plaster and painted in bright colors were found on the walls of buildings. Painted pots and pieces of carefully carved jewelry were discovered in tombs under the floors of temples. These pictures and objects showed much about the Mayas’ life. There were scenes of people working, people at war, nobles holding court, priests in fantastic costumes, and Mayan gods.Possible Errors For a long time, archeologists worked only on uncovering large Mayan structures, such as temples, palaces, and ball courts. Little effort was made to find the remains of smaller buildings, such as houses. The seeming absence of houses led people to believe that the cities were only the homes of priests and rulers, who lived in the palaces. They thought the ordinary people probably lived in the countryside and came to the cities only for religious ceremonies.New Evidence In recent years, new evidence has been uncovered at a number of Mayan cities by different groups of archeologists. The University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia has just finished a twelve-year study of Tikal, the biggest of the Mayan cities. More than one hundred small houses varied, too. Some had many remains of finely decorated pottery. Others had fewer and plainer pieces. The houses were very close together, with little space to raise food, except in small gardens. Change of View These new findings changed
our picture of Mayan life. Dr. William R. Coe, director of the Tikal project, said that Tikal must have been a real city after all, at least for part of its history. It must have had a big population. The differences in the houses show that there were many different classes of people. Perhaps some were craftsmen -- the stonecutters, sculptors, and painters who worked on new temples and monuments.Mayas’ Impressive Accomplishments As archeologists studied the Mayas, they became more and more impressed by how much these people had been able to do. In other parts of the world, people were using metal tools before they began building cities. They also had wheels and carts to help move loads, and domesticated animals to push or pull them. The Mayas had none of these things. Their only tools were made of wood or stone. Yet they cut and carved rocks weighing thousands of pounds, and built temples over 200 feet (above sixty meters) tall. But the Mayas could do more than just make buildings and works of art. One of the most important things they did was learn to write. When some of the Mayan writing was figured out, archeologists discovered how much the Mayas knew about other things, too. In mathematics, they could count up to the millions. They were the first people to figure out how to use the zero with other numerals to make working with large numbers easier. In astronomy, too, they were way ahead of other ancient peoples. Records show that the Mayas had observed the skies for centuries, keeping track of what they saw. They knew how long the moon took to go around the earth, and how long the planet Venus took to come back to the same place in the sky. They could predict eclipses, and they worked out a calendar of eighteen twenty-day “months” and one five-day “month” that measured the year as accurately as the calendar we use today.
2． Though much remains to be discovered, by putting together various findings obtained since the 1700s, researchers have come to the conclusion that Mayan culture is quite remarkable.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：这是一道概括全文内容的问题。纵观全文的小标题，我们可以看出：作者通过回顾1700年以来学者的研究成果，澄清了人们过去关于玛雅人行踪的疑惑，提出了较过去更为客观和完整的观点，最后总结了玛雅文明在建筑、艺术、文字、数学和天文等方面对人类历史的贡献。该题阐述是对全文的总结，因此答案为[Y]。
3． The ruins of the ancient city the explorers came across in the late 1700s convinced them that the city was once lived by people of a highly advanced culture.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：细节题。第二段第二、三、四提到“…they found large，well-designed stone buildings and handsome stone monuments Some of the stones were covered with a strange kind of writing．Carvings on other stones showed that at least some of the people who lived in the area long before were highly advanced．”因此答案为[Y]
4． By piecing together all kinds of evidence collected by various expeditions, the researchers believe the Mayas to be Indians, whose ancestors had come from Asia.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：第四段第二、三句提到”there are brown skinned Indian people called the Mayas．Scientists believe that the ancestors of these Indians built the cities and carved the stone monuments”，但是这里的”Indians”指印地安人，并不是指来自亚洲的印度人。因此答案为[N]。
5． The reason why people in the past believed that the ordinary Mayan people lived in the countryside was that their knowledge was based on uncovered large buildings.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：解题依据在文章第七段。该段写到“由于过去考古学家只注意挖掘大型的玛雅建筑，因而缺乏对普通民房的了解，因此错误地认为普通居民住在乡村”，故答案为[Y]。
6． With metal tools, the Mayans were able to build high temples and made various works of art.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：第十段第四、五句提到”The Mayas had none of these things (指上文的“金属工具和车辆等”)。Their only tools were made of wood or stone．Yet，...”因此答案为[N]。
7． The new findings obtained proved that it was wrong to believe that Mayan cities were only the homes of priest and rulers.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：第九段第一句提到”These new findings clanged our picture of Mayan life．”(这些新发现改变了人们对玛雅人生活的认识)，这个认识是指第七段提到的只有统治者和神职人员住在城里，平民住在乡村的说法，故答案为[Y]。
8． Evidence shows that the use of astronomic knowledge of astronomy greatly affected the life of the Mayas.
A．Y B．N C．NG
正确答案：C 解析：答题依据在文章最后一段。该段只介绍了玛雅人在天文学方面的成就，并未涉及这些成就对生活的影响，故答案为[NG]
9． Typical customers of a landfill are___________.
正确答案：had been abandoned
解析：答题依据在第一段第四、五句话。文章说到”Walls and foundations for new buildings were left unfinished．To modern archeologists，it looked as if the cities had been abandoned．”准确回答该题，要求考生对上面两句话进行综合。也就是说，考古学家之所以认为这些城市被抛弃了的依据是城中的墙壁和地基尚未完成。
10． To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of______.
正确答案：the use of zero in counting
解析：倒数第二段提到”In mathematics，they could count up to the millions．They were the first people to figure out how to use the zero with other numerals to make working with large numbers easier．”(数学方面，他们可以计算到百万位，并且第一个用数字零同其它数字结合以便于大数字的运算。)该段第一句是结论，第二句对第一句进行解释
11． Materials that are not permitted to be buried in landfills should be dumped at______.
正确答案：writing，mathematics and astronomy
解析：该题是对文章最后一部分的总结，倒数第三段提到”But the Mayas could do more than just make buildings and works of art．”然后该段主要介绍
了”writing”，接下来的两段分别介绍了玛雅人在mathematics 和 astronomy方面的成就。
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
听力原文：M: I am so sorry to tell you that you needn’t come next week. You know, our company’s sales have been poor recently.W: I’ve always worked hard. Would you be kind enough to give me a month’s time so that I can find a new job?Q: What has happened to the woman?
12．
A．She’s been dismissed for her poor performance. B．She’s been fired by the company. C．She has been given a month’s leave. D．She has been offered a new job.
正确答案：B
听力原文：M: If the traffic wasn’t so bad, I could have been home by 6:00.W: What a pity! Peter was here to see you.Q: What happened to the man?
13．
A．He had to work overtime. B．He was held up in traffic. C．His car ran out of gas. D．He had a traffic accident.
正确答案：B
听力原文：W: I’m awfully sorry, but I seem to have lost your pen. I’1l be happy to buy you another one, of course.M: Oh, don’ t worry about that.Q: What do we know from this conversation?
14．
A．She’s broken the pen.
B．She’s lent the pen to someone. C．She’s returned the pen.
D．She does not know where the pen is.
正确答案：D
听力原文：M: I hear that Mr, White has left. Has anybody been appointed m take his place?W: I believe several men applied for the job but nothing has been decided yet.Q: What are the speakers talking about?
15．
A．Mr. White’s reason for leaving. B．Mr. White’s new appointment. C．How to apply for a job. D．A vacant job.
正确答案：D
听力原文：W: I really want to know why Nancy is always so hostile towards me.M: Did you ever think of just coming right out and asking her?Q: What does the man think the woman should do?
16．
A．Be hostile to Nancy. B．Ask Nancy to come out. C．Talk to Nancy herself. D．Write a letter to Nancy.
正确答案：C
听力原文：W: Would you like to go and see the new exhibition with us?M: That’s the last thing in the world I ever want to do.Q: What does the man mean?
17．
A．He is often asked to go and see exhibitions. B．He would like to go and see the exhibition. C．He went to see the exhibition last year. D．He definitely does not want to go.
正确答案：D
听力原文：M: I know it is faster to travel by air, but don’t you think it’s too expensive?W: It is expensive, but you see, time is more valuable than money.Q: What means of transportation does the woman prefer?
18． A．Plane. B．Car. C．Train. D．Ship.
正确答案：A
听力原文：W: Do you know if Nick has got enough money for his study?M: Yes.
If Nick hadn’t worked in the steel plant last stammer, he wouldn’ t have earned enough money for his living expenses during his senior year.Q: What does the man mean about Nick?
19．
A．Nick can’t go on studying because he has to work in a steel plant. B．Nick has earned enough money for his senior year.
C．Nick prefers working in a steel plant to going to college.
D．Nick doesn’t have enough money so he’ll work during his senior year.
正确答案：B
20．
A．You will be able to make them larger. B．You will be able to make them smaller. C．They will be sporty.
D．They only exist in the woman’s head.
正确答案：D
21．
A．It can cause electrical shocks. B．It can alter the shape of the metal. C．It requires too many small particles. D．It is too expensive.
正确答案：D
22．
A．The man. B．The woman.
C．Both the man and the woman. D．Neither the man nor the woman.
正确答案：D
听力原文：M: Hi, Janet, you are so lucky to have done well with your final exams and term papers.W: I still have 2 more final exams to take.M: Really?W: Yeah.M: What are you doing this summer, anything special?W: My parents have always liked taking my sister and me to different places in the United States. You know, places with historical significance. I guess they wanted to reinforce the stuff we learned in school about history. And so even though we are older now, they still do once in a while.M: Oh, so where are you going this summer?W: Well, this summer it’s
finally going to be Gettysburg.M: Gettysburg ! It’s probably the most famous civil war site in the country. It’s only a couple of hours away. I have been there a couple of times.W: We were gonna to go there about ten years ago, but we ended up not going anywhere that year. I cannot remember why.M: What a pity!W: Yeah, but I hope that doesn’ t happen again this year. I wrote a paper about Gettysburg last semester for a history class I was taking in which I got to know about the political situation in the United States right after the battle at Gettysburg, so I’m eager to see the place.
23．
A．The woman has passed her final exams.
B．The woman wants to know how to write term papers. C．The woman is going to visit Gettysburg.
D．The man introduces his experiences in Gettysburg.
正确答案：C
24．
A．Because her parents like traveling. B．Because her parents like history.
C．Because traveling in such places costs less.
D．Because her parents want to reinforce the stuff they learned in school about history.
正确答案：D
25．
A．The exams that she doesn’t pass.
B．The titles of the term papers she wrote.
C．The reason why her family didn’t travel anywhere 10 years ago. D．The places her family has traveled.
正确答案：C
26．
A．It is far away from the city she lives in.
B．It is a place where many great people were born.
C．It has a certain political influences in the United States right after the battle at Gettysburg.
D．It is worth reading history about Gettysburg.
正确答案：C
Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Many lovers promise to be together forever, in life and in death, but I don’t believe I’ve heard of anyone whose faithful support and devotion matched that of Mrs. Isidor Straus. The year was 1912. Mrs. Straus and her husband were passengers on the Titanic during its fateful voyage. Not many women went down with the ship, but Mrs. Straus was one of the few women who did not survive for one simple reason: She could not bear to leave her husband. This is how Mable Bird, Mrs. Straus’s servant, who survived the disaster, told the story after she was saved. “When the Titanic began to sink, the frightened women and children were the first ones loaded into lifeboats. Mr. and Mrs. Straus were calm and comforting to the passengers, and helped many of them into the boats.” “If it had not been for them,” Mable stated, “I would have drowned. I was in the fourth or fifth lifeboat. Mrs. Straus made me get into the boat.” Then, Mr. Straus begged his wife to get into the lifeboat with her servant and others. Mrs. Straus started to get in. She had one foot on the edge, but then suddenly, she changed her mind, turned away and stepped back onto the sinking ship. “Please, dear, get into the boat ! “Her husband urged. Mrs. Straus looked deep into the eyes of the man with whom she’d spent most of her life, the man who had been her best friend, her heart’s true companion and always a comfort to her soul. She grabbed his arm and drew his trembling body close to hers. “No, “Mrs. Straus is said to have replied with resistance. “I will not get into the boat. We have been together through a great many years. We are old now. I will not leave you. Where you go, I will go.” And that is where they were last seen, standing arm in arm on the deck, this devoted wife clinging courageously to her husband, this loving husband clinging protectively to his wife, as the ship sank. Together forever.
27．
A．Miss Straus. B．Mabel Bird. C．Isidor Straus.
D．Mabel Bird’s servant.
正确答案：B
28．
A．To get into the lifeboat. B．To stay with her husband. C．To be close to her husband.
D．To stand arm in arm on the deck with her husband.
正确答案：A
29．
A．Her best friend.
B．Her heart’s true companion. C．Always a comfort to her soul. D．All of the above.
正确答案：D
30．
A．She wanted to put the children first into the lifeboat. B．She could not bear to leave her husband. C．She helped her servant to get into the boat.
D．She was too old to put her foot on the edge of the boat.
正确答案：B
31．
A．He wrote articles critical of the Church of England. B．He refused to stop publishing The Review. C．He refused to pay publishing taxes.
D．He refused to join the Church of England.
正确答案：A
32．
A．It was not really a magazine.
B．It featured a variety of articles and stories. C．It was praised by readers of poetry.
D．It was unpopular with political analysis.
正确答案：B
听力原文： Like most other folk art, the calendar pictures were not considered to be art in their own day. People just thought of them as a way of decorating a practical object. In fact, the calendar pictures were originally printed as advertising for various companies that made hunting or fishing products, like guns or fishing rods. The calendars were handed out free to the customers to thank them for the business. Most people just hung the calendars on their walls with the pictures faded in the sun and then tore the pictures off the calendar as each month passed. As a result, collectors today place a lot of value on the calendars that are complete and in good condition. Even though the people who used the calendars didn’t regard them as art, the original paintings were often of good quality. In fact, many famous wild life painters created calendar art at some point in their lives. To them it was a way of getting their work reproduced and shown around. One interesting thing is the way these pictures reflect changing attitudes towards wild life. The pictures often
portray the adventure of hunting rather than any particular concern for wild life preservation, But most of today’s wild life art shows animals in their natural surroundings without any humans in the scene. This modern wild life art appeals to a large number of the nature lovers, even those who are opposed to the practice of hunting.
33．
A．Very few were produced.
B．Most were kept only a short time. C．Most were pointed on delicate paper. D．Many have been acquired by collectors.
正确答案：B
34．
A．The excitement of hunting. B．The beauty of nature. C．The relaxation of fishing.
D．The protection of endangered species.
正确答案：A
35．
A．To let many people see their works.
B．To earn money from the sale of calendars. C．To portray the cruelty of hunting.
D．To create gifts for people who bought them.
正确答案：A
听力原文： For the past few weeks we have been discussing national energy conservation alternatives for the future. Today I am going to talk about what one community is presently doing to conserve energy. The people of Davis, California, have succeeded in cutting their energy consumption by one third since 1973. The first energy-saving action that was taken in the early 70’s was the legislation of strict building codes. All new houses in Davis must have the proper insulation so that heat will not escape unnecessarily during the winter. New houses must also face north or south so that they will not be overheated by the sun in summer. The laws have had a definite effect. Since 1976 there has been a 50 percent saving in the amount of natural gas and electricity used in heating and air-conditioning. There are other energy-saving features about Davis. Buses, partially supported by the city, transport university students throughout the area. There are 24 miles of bicycle paths, and today there are twice as many bicycles as cars in the city. By reducing the available parking space, the City Council has succeeded in reducing the number of cars in the city every day. Another benefit of the reduced parking is the greater
number of small cars. People are saving gas because they are choosing not to drive or because they are driving fuel economical cars. Davis, California, has become an energy-saving model for other cities. Time is up for today. Next week we’ll return to our regular topic of national energy alternatives.
36．
A．Bicycles and cars. B．Building codes.
C．Energy conservation.
D．New housing construction.
正确答案：C
Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the
A recent film “The Gods Must Be Crazy”【B1】______the social change that can result in a society from the introduction of a【B2】______item from the outside world. While a【B3】______was flying in a light plane over a【B4】______desert in south Africa, he finished the soda he was drinking and threw the bottle out of the window. It fell to the ground in an area where an African【B5】______lived. The people there had almost no【B6】______or sense of private【B7】______No one in the small society had seen a soda bottle before. And, because it came from the sky, they believed that it must be a【B8】______gift from the gods. When the bottle was first found,【B9】______However, it was not long before【B10】______.【B11】______and, as it was told in the film, ties of affection were broken and people’s trust in each other destroyed.
37． 【B1】
正确答案：described
38． 【B2】
正确答案：single
39． 【B3】
正确答案：pilot
40． 【B4】
正确答案：remote
41． 【B5】
正确答案：trible
42． 【B6】
正确答案：possessions
43． 【B7】
正确答案：property
44． 【B8】
正确答案：unique
45． 【B9】
正确答案：it was something new and people of all ages enjoyed admiring it, playing with it and thinking about its purpose.
46． 【B10】
正确答案：arguments and conflicts arose among group members about who would possess the bottle and for what purpose.
47． 【B11】
正确答案：The harmony of this peaceful society was disturbed by the introduction of a new item of technology,
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Noses have their advantages. They’re cute, they’re versatile, and they’re small enough to be carried around. Which may be why the artificial odor detectors that engineers have been building since the 1950’s to try to mimic the olfactory(嗅觉
的) abilities of our built-in sensors have taken so long to find their way to the market--and then, in most cases, have flopped(失败). But things are finally looking up for the electronic nose. Thanks to advances in chip technology and pattern-recognition techniques, increasingly tiny sniffers (嗅探器) are beginning to live up to their moniker (模仿者)- Today e-noses are being tested for everything from disease detection to disaster prevention, and lower-prices models are starting to come to the market including an $ 8,000 device called the Cyranose 320 being introduced this week by Cyrano Sciences of Pasadena, Calif. Like our proboscises(长鼻子), e-noses are only as good as their sensors, and all of them operate on oiliness(油质)--rather than to the molecule itself. Working together, the receptors can generate unique principles remarkably similar to those of a real nose. Humans detect odors with up to 650 types of receptors found on cells high up in the nasal passages, somewhere between our eyebrows. How the nose works is still something of a mystery, but it is believed that each receptor responds to a subtle characteristic of a molecule that carries odor--its peculiar shape, say, or degree of “smell prints” of a wide variety of odors, which are then parceled off to the brain and stored. In e-noses, chemical sensors replace the body’s cellular receptors, and microprocessors substitute for the brain. “What limits these devices is how well the sensors are doing,” explains Nathan Lewis, the Caltech chemist who helped invent the sensor technology licensed by Cyrano and who has since continued his research independently. He compares the power of e-noses to the resolution of computer monitors: “Are you seeing the world in eight shades of gray or in 16 million colors?”
48． It can be learned from the passage that ______.
A．the artificial noses are even better than the human noses
B．it has not taken long for the artificial noses to be introduced to the market C．the attempts of the artificial noses to imitate the olfactory abilities have been largely unsuccessful
D．the artificial noses have their own advantages over the human noses
正确答案：C
解析：细节理解题。该题问从文章中可得知什么，实际上浏览选择项，可以断定问的是关于“人工鼻子”即“the artificial odor detectors”(人造气味探测器)的问题。此题涉及到第一段第三句话中的非限制性定语从句的理解“which may be why…have flopped”(这大概是工程人员自20世纪五十年代起一直制造的人工气味探测器，力图模仿我们内嵌的感应器的嗅觉功能和花费了如此长的时间才打入市场——并且在多数情况下失败了的原因。)因此选项C是正确答案。
49． Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “looking up” (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A．Raising one’s eyes. B．Turning better. C．Searching for.
D．Paying a visit.
正确答案：B 解析：语义题。该题测的是对常见短语look up在特定的语境中的准确理解。此处的意思是“有所改善”，正确答案是B。
50． According to the passage, more and more tiny e-noses are meeting the requirements of human noses because of ______.
A．improvements in chip technology and pattern-recognition techniques B．disease detection and disaster prevention
C．expensive prices and prompt introduction of the models
D．improvements in the olfactory abilities of our built-in sensors
正确答案：A
解析：细节理解题。该题问“越来越多的微小的电子鼻达到人鼻的要求”的原因是什么。根据文章第二段第二句话“Thanks to advances in chip technology and pattern-recognition techniques…”(由于晶片技术和图形识别技术方面的进步)，可断定A项为正确答案。
51． It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．scientists have discovered the working mechanism of the nose
B．humans detect odors with a large number of receptors responsive to the odorous molecules themselves
C．the receptors integrate various responses to the characteristics of an odor and store them in the brain
D．e-noses operate on principles totally different from those of a real nose
正确答案：C 解析：推论题。该题问及人鼻的嗅觉原理。根据文章第三段的最后一句“How the nose works is still something of a mystery，but it is believed that．．．which are then parceled off to the brain and stored．” (鼻子的工作原理仍然是个谜：所知甚少，但是大家认为，每个接收器对具有特定形状的分子的微妙特点作出反应，或者是对众多气味的“气味痕”的程度作出反应，而这些印痕则被汇集起来，传送到大脑存贮。)因此可推出选项C为正确答案。
52． The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is ______. A．to give an objective account of the e-nose B．to question the wide use of the e-nose
C．to discuss the advantages of the e-nose over the human nose
D．to encourage the introduction of the e-nose to the market at a lower price
正确答案：A
解析：主旨题。该题问及这篇文章的写作目的。对于此类的科(普)技文章，考生可以判定客观性 (objective)是惟一的标准，从而做出正确的判断。答案为A
“对电子鼻做一客观报道。”
During times of great crisis, human beings typically turn to one of two strategies: fight or flight. There is, however, a third strategy: learning and deep change. It is based on the principle that all events, especially the most tragic, are ripe with opportunities for learning. The September 11 terrorists demonstrated expertise (专门技术) in systems theory. They knew that complex systems always have two sides. One is creative and allows for great Speed and efficiency (for example, civil aviation aircraft and high-rise office towers). The other is potentially destructive and can generate major catastrophes( using civil aviation against the high-rise target). All of our current complex systems, including information systems, biotechnology, air travel, nuclear power, and the mail system, have these two major characteristics. All are susceptible (易受影响的) to organizational error (the Challenger tragedy) , human error (Chernobyl) , and terrorism (Oklahoma City). Yet terrorism is the darkest and most dangerous side of our complexity. In the case of the World Trade Center, terrorists deliberately exploited the “destructive side” of aircraft and highly populated office towers. If one simply joins hijacking with car bombing, and magnifies their effects, then September 11 is the result. The lesson we must learn from September 11 is that our management practices, private and public, are one-dimensional. Whether it is with regard to civil aviation safety or real estate, our world is dominated by concerns about profitability. These constrain us from implementing needed and proven safety procedures in aviation and high-rise office design. The focus on profitability also pushes our systems to grow unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks. Approximately 76% of the criteria used to measure organizational efficiency are financial. Only 24% consider nonfinancial indicators such as health, safety, or the global impact that organizations have on communities and the world in general. Devoting more of our attention to nonfinancial indicators can help us develop new strategies to match the complexity of fighting terrorism. The fields of risk and crisis management already use some of these strategies.
53． What is the main idea of the passage?
A．All events are full of opportunities for learning.
B．We can enhance our future security by learning more about our society’s complexities.
C．The September 11 terrorist attack is the most destructive disaster of all. D．Terrorism poses a formidable threat to international security.
正确答案：B
解析：主旨题。本题要求考生归纳出这篇文章的主旨，C、D两项是文中重要的细节，可以排除；A项干扰性较强，但仔细研读文章第一段第二、三两句，不难看出两层意思：“学习和深刻的变化”，而A项只是原理，是这种策略的基础。
54． The September 11 terrorist attack is an example of ______. A．the creative side of systems theory B．the destructive side of systems theory C．the organizational side of systems theory D．the sensational side of systems theory
正确答案：B
解析：细节理解题。本题要求考生判断出9．11恐怖袭击是“the systems theory”(系统控制论)的创造性的例证，还是破坏性的例证。根据文章第二、四两段，答案应为后者。
55． The failure to implement safety procedures needed in aviation and high-rise office design results from ______.
A．the great speed and efficiency of modern society B．the complexity of various organizations C．the management style
D．the predominance of concerns about profitability
正确答案：D
解析：细节推论题。根据文章第五段内容，我们可知9．11事件给我们的教训是我们的管理是平面的 (one-dimensional)，即只关心赢利(concerns about profitability)，而这种观念在实践中带来两个后果：一是在航空和高层建筑的设计中忽视必要的安全防范措施，另一后果是片面求大。因此本题正确答案是D项。
56． Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?
A．Financial considerations are more important than nonfinancial ones. B．Nonfinancial considerations are more important than financial ones. C．Nonfinancial considerations are as important as financial ones.
D．We have devoted more 8f our attention to nonfinancial considerations than is necessary.
正确答案：C
解析：推论题。从文章最后一段中的百分比的对比和第三句“Devoting more of our attention to nonfinancial indicators can help us…”，可以断定C项是正确答案。
57． The passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of ______. A．some strategies of risk and crisis management B．the global impact of terrorism
C．the measurement of organizational efficiency D．the development of nonfinancial organizations
正确答案：A
解析：写作思路题。做此类题务必要仔细阅读文章的开头或结尾，尤其是第一个和最后一个单词或短语，如本题中的“these strategies”。
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.
We know the kiss as a form of expressing. But long before it became【C1】______, it was the custom in many parts of the world to use the kiss as a(n)【C2】______of respect. In many African tribes the natives【C3】______the ground over which a chief has walked. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the【C4】______times. The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes【C5】______a form of dignified greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the【C6】______important ones had to kiss his hands, and the【C7】______. important ones were【C8】______allowed to kiss his feet! It is quite probable that kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive times when a mother【C9】______fondle(爱抚)her child, just as a mother【C10】______today. It only remained for society to【C11】______this as a custom for expressing affection between adults. We have evidence that this was already the【C12】______by the time of the sixth century, but we can only assume it was【C13】______long before that. The first【C14】______where the kiss became accepted in courtship and love was in France. When dancing became’ popular, almost every dance figure ended【C15】______a kiss. From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to【C16】______the customs of France, adopted the kiss and it spread there through all the upper【C17】______A kiss from the Tsar became【C18】______of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown. In time, the kiss became a part of courtship.【C19】______marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the wedding ceremony. Today, of course, we regard the kiss as an expression of love and tenderness. But there are still many places in the world where the kiss is【C20】______of formal ceremonies and is intended to convey respect.
58． 【C1】 A．it B．one C．this D．itself
正确答案：C 解析：本题考查代词用法。此处空格应指代前面所说的“吻是表达爱的方式”，this符合题意要求，故正确。
59． 【C2】 A．custom B．tradition C．affection D．expression
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查名词辨析。本句题意为：但是在吻成为表达爱的方式之前很久，在世界上很多国家，用吻来表达尊重是一种风俗。expression正好与第一句中的expressing对应，所以D为正确答案。custom(风俗)，tradition(传统)和affection(爱)均不合题意。
60． 【C3】 A．watch B．kiss C．touch D．greet
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词辨析。本句句意为：在非洲很多部落，当地人亲吻首领走过的地面。显然kiss与句意吻合，故正确。watch(观看)，touch(触摸)和greet(问候)均不合题意。
61． 【C4】 A．latest B．earliest C．longest D．eldest
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查形容词最高级。earliest times意为“最早时”，符合题意故正确。eldest只能表示最年长的，不能表示最古老的，因而不正确。latest(最近的)和longest(最长的)均不合题意。
62． 【C5】 A．of B．in C．for D．as
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查介词用法。本句句意为：早期罗马人把亲吻嘴或眼睛作为一种显示荣耀的问候方式。 as a form of意为“作为一种……的方式”，符合题意，故正确。
63． 【C6】 A．of B．less C．little D．least
正确答案：B 解析：本题考查形容词比较级用法。本句讲述了另外罗马皇帝给予不同等级贵族的不同待遇。根据上下文，这里需要一个表示比较级的词汇，表示“不那么重要的”，显然B符合题意要求，故正确。
64． 【C7】 A．last B．less C．most D．least
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查形容词最高级。根据题意，这里需要一个表示最高级的词，表示“最不重要的”，选项 D符合题意要求，故正确。
65． 【C8】 A．too B．only C．also D．ever
正确答案：B 解析：本题考查副词辨析。本句题意为：“最不重要的贵族只允许亲吻其脚。”only意为“只能”，符合题意，故正确。too(太)，also(也)和ever(曾经)均不合题意。
66． 【C9】 A．could B．would C．should D．will
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查助动词用法。would可表示过去习惯做某事或常常做某事。因此would填入句中表示原始时代人们常做的事情，符合题意，故正确。其余选项均无此用法。
67． 【C10】 A．does B．has C．doing D．would
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查do的特殊用法。为了避免重复使用前面的动词，根据英语语法可用do来替代，但本句的主语是第三人称单数，所以要用does，显然A正确。
68． 【C11】 A．accept B．allow C．kiss D．express
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查动词辨析。句中this指kiss，此处题意为：“把吻作为一种成年人之间表达爱的一种习俗来接受”。accept为“接受”之意，符合该题意，故正确。allow(允许)，kiss(吻)和express (表达)均不符合题意。
69． 【C12】 A．history B．event C．case
D．evidence
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查名词辨析。本句题意为：我们有证据证明6世纪就已经是这样了。case可表示“实情、真相”，通常用the case，例如，That’s not the case意为“事实并非如此”。根据题意，显然选项C正确。history(历史)，event(事件)和evidence(证据)均与题意不合。
70． 【C13】 A．expressed B．discovered C．kissed D．practiced
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查动词辨析。本句题意为：我们只能假设早于那时，人们就经常那样做了。practiced这里表示“经常做、养成……习惯”，与题意吻合，故正确。expressed(表达)，discovered(发现)和 kissed(亲吻)皆与题意不合。
71． 【C14】 A．city B．tribe C．country D．society
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查名词辨析，，根据题意，四个选项中只能选city，表示法国的一个城市。tribe(部落)， country(国家)和society(社会)均不合题意。
72． 【C15】 A．by B．without C．in D．with
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查搭配关系。end with意为“以……结束”，其他介词无此搭配，所以D正确。
73． 【C16】 A．copy B．allow C．spread D．quote
正确答案：A 解析：本题考查动词辨析。此词填入句中，表示“俄国喜欢仿效法国的习俗”。allow(允许)，spread (传播)和quote(引用)均与题意不符，故A正确。
74． 【C17】 A．governments B．countries C．cities D．classes
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查搭配关系。the upper classes为习惯搭配，意为“上流社会”，符合题意，故正确。 governments(政府)，countries(国家)和cities(城市)均无此搭配。
75． 【C18】 A．it
B．one C．this D．that
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查习惯用法。本句句意为：沙皇赐予的一个吻成为从君主那里得到的最高形式的认可之一。one of the…意为“……之一”，符合题意，故正确。
76． 【C19】 A．As B．Once C．While D．Since
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查连词辨析。本句句意为：随着婚姻习俗的发展，吻成为结婚仪式的一部分。As在这里表示“随着……”之义，符合题意，故正确。once．(一旦)，while(当……时)和since(自从)均不合题意。
77． 【C20】 A．bit B．some C．Dart D．any
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查名词辨析。本句句意为：“世界上仍有许多地方把亲吻作为正式仪式的一部分”。part of formal ceremonies意为：正式仪式的一部分，符合题意，故正确。bit(一点)，some(一些)和 any(任何)均与题意不符。
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences in the blanks by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
78． But another round of a war in the region clearly would___________(使…处于紧张状态) international relations.
正确答案：put strains on
解析：本题考查固定表达put strains on sb. / sth.，意思是“使…处于紧张状态”。
79． Although States were allowed to coin money right after the American Revolution, they are_____ ____________(不允许这样做) today.
正确答案：not allowed to do so
解析：本题考查点一是被动语态，本句中they 指代States，在主句中作主语，故后面的动词应用被动形式；其二，本题考题固定搭配allow sb．to do sth.，表示允许某人做某事。
80． What he emphasized over and over again was that, ___________( 不管多么困难), they should never retreat even for an inch.
正确答案：no matter how difficult it might be
解析：本题考查让步状语从句的表达not matter how (不管多么)；另外，从后面主句中 should never retreat可知从句也应用虚拟语气，而全句的主句用了过去时，所以这里用might be。
81． If we____________ (早点儿出发) ,we wouldn’t tie walking in the rain.
正确答案：had set out earlier
解析：木题考查虚拟语气的用法，句中是含时间条件句的虚拟晤气，从句表示过去发生的行为或动作，主句表示现在发生的行为或动作，所以从句应用过去完成时；另外，selout是固定词组，表示“出发，开始”。
82． Hitler___________ (武装到牙齿)when he launched the Second World War but in a few yearn, he was completely defeated.
正确答案：was armed to the teeth
解析：本题考查固定搭配be armed to the teeth，即武装到牙齿；根据后面时间状语从句的时态可知主句也应用一般过去时。
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