常用前缀

常用前缀

表示否定、反向意义的前缀negative prefixes and reversal prefixes

前缀 (加在何种词性上) un- (接v. a. participle) in-, il-, im-, ir- (接n. a.) non-

dis- (接v. a. 抽象n.) de-(接v. 抽象n.) a- an-元音前(接n. a.)

意义

the opposite of; not the opposite of; not not

the opposite of; not 相反的动作 lacking in

例词

unfair, unexpected, unassuming, untie unwrap unlock inactive, injustice impractical, illegal, irregular irresistible nonsmoker, non-nuclear disloyal, dislike disallow defrost，除霜, 解冻decentralize

amoral, 与道德无关的, 超道德的anarchy无政府状态, 混乱

表降格、转贬意义的前缀pejorative prefixes

前缀 (加在何种词性上)

意义

mis- (接v. 抽象n.) wrongly, astray mal-(接v. a. 抽象n.) badly pseudo- (接n. a.)

false, imitation

表程度或大小的前缀prefixes of degree or size

前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义

arch- (接n.) highest, worst

super- (接n. a.) above, more than, better extra- (接a.) especially out- (接v.) to do faster, longer sur- (接n.) over and above sub- (接a.) lower than, less than over- (接v. a. pp.) too much under- (接v. pp.) too little hyper- (接a.) extremely ultra- (接a.) beyond, excessive mini- (接n.) little maxi- (接n.)

large

表态度的前缀prefixes of orientation and attitude

前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义

co- (接v. n.)

with, joint contra- (接v. 抽象n.) in opposition to counter- (接v. 抽象n.) in opposition to anti- (接n. a. ad.)

against

pro- (接n. a.)

on the side of 表示位置的前缀locative prefixes

前缀 (加在何种词性上) 意义

super- (接n.) over

sub- (接v. n. a.) beneath, lesser in rank intra- intro-(接v. n. a.) in, into inter- (接v. n. a.) between, among fore- (接v. n. a.) in front of tele- (接v. n. a.)

far, far away

例词

misinform, misleading, misconduct maltreat, malformed, malpractice pseudo-student假学生

例词

arch-criminal罪魁祸首 arch-enemy archbishop

supernatural, superman, supermarket extra-strong, extraordinary outrun, outgrow, outlive surtax

subhuman, substandard subheading, suburb overeat, overdressed, overconfident, overweight underdeveloped, under-privileged hyper-critical

ultraviolet, ultrafashionable mini-skirt maxi-skirt

例词

cooperate, copilot contraflow逆流

counteract, counterrevolution

anti-missile, anti-social, anti-clockwise, anti-government

pro-communist

例词

super-structure

subway, subconscious, sublet introduce

international, intermarry, inter-city forehead

telecommunication

trans- (接v. n. a.)

across, from one place to another

transport, transplant

表示时间、顺序的前缀prefixes of time and order

前缀 (加在何种词性上)

fore- (接v. 抽象n.) pre- (接n. a.) post- (接n. a.) ex- (接n.) re- (接v. 抽象n.) 表示能改变词性的前缀

前缀 (加在何种词性上)

be- (接v. n. a.) en- (接n. a.) a- (接v.)

表示数字的前缀number prefixes

前缀 (加在何种词性上)

semi- (hemi-) uni- (mono-) bi- (di-) tri-

quadr- (tetra-) penta- (quinqu-) sex- (hexa-) sept- oct- nona- dec- centi- (hecto-) milli- poly- (multi-)

其他前缀miscellaneous prefixes

前缀 (加在何种词性上)

auto- neo- pan- proto- vice-

意义

before before after former again, back

意义

构成动词 构成动词 构成形容词，副词意义

half one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 100 1000 many

意义

self new, revived all, worldwide first, original deputy

例词

foretell, foreknowledge pre-war, pre-marital, prepare post-war, post-classical ex-husband

rebuild, re-evaluate, reconsider

例词

becalm, bewitch enslave, enlarge afloat, asleep

例词

semicircle, hemisphere unilateral, uniform, monograph biceps, dioxide, bicycle triangle, triple

quadruple, tetrameter四音步句

quinquagenarian五十岁一辈的人, pentagon

sexennial持续六年的(每六年一次的), hexameter六步格, 六步格的诗 septangle octagon, octave nonagon, nonagenarian decimal

centigrade摄氏的, 百分度的, hectometer millipede百足虫 polygon, multiple

例词

autobiography, automatic neo-Fascism, neo-Darwinism pan-American, pan-European prototype vice-president